Biotechnology Study Guide :: essays research papers

BIOTECHNOLOGY 1- Biotechnology is various methods that use living organisms to make products or provide services. 2- 4 Products of biotechnology are yogurt, cheese, bread, and beer 3- Selective breeding is breeding individuals with specific traits to get an offspring with similar traits. 4- Reproductive technology is the term given to an area of study involving cell biology and DNA 5- 3 Possible benefits of reproductive technology are : ïÆ'  ,possible increase of the world’s food supply ïÆ'  ,producing new types of foods ïÆ'  ,uncovers treatment for various diseases 6- DNA is called a nucleic acid because it is found in the cell’s nucleus and is acidic. 7- A Nucleotide is a segment of DNA that is composed of 1 sugar molecule, 1 phosphate group, and 1 of 4 nitrogen bases. (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) 8- One of the most important messages carried by DNA is instructions for making proteins. a ) This is important because protein molecules make up most of the structure of cells and tissues in plants and animals. b ) enzymes and hormones are included in proteins. 9- i ) A codon is made up of 3 consecutive bases, C-T-A. i i ) DNA contains the instructions on how amino acids should be assembled, which then determines how the codons must be put together. i i i ) Codons recognize particular amino acids. i v ) Amino acids are strung together to form proteins. v ) The number, order, and kinds of amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein. v i ) â€Å"Protein A† is formed by 2 amino acids v i i ) The segment of DNA with the instruction to form â€Å"Protein A† is called â€Å"gene A†. 10- Mutations are made when mistakes are made with the characteristics of a cell.